Regulation and Expression of Phytohormones for Root Architectural Trait Development in Rice: A Review

The root system architecture (RSA) in monocotyledonous plants like rice is consists of primary roots, lateral seminal/crown and hairs. soil nutrients also influence many physiological processes via various parameters length, diameter angle for growth development. variation influenced by the intrinsic factors (phytohormones, transcription factors) extrinsic (light, temperature moisture) their collective effect. phytohormones such as; auxin, cytokinin, abscisic acid ethylene, mutual effects play vital role architectural trait Many genes/QTLs were identified which are strong player But biochemical signaling pathways not completely understood. modern molecular tools genome editing, sequencing multi-omics (transcriptomics proteomics) approaches multi-disciplinary biology studies can provide a better solution this issue. To improve sustainable food grain production under extreme environment, it important to understand mechanism Moreover, imperative establish resilient cultivation order mitigate overuse chemical fertilizers, enhance nutrient efficiency, climate resilience plant.